CapitaLand Investment Limited - Annual Report 2021

163 CapitaLand Investment Limited 162 Annual Report 2021 Notes to the Financial Statements Notes to the Financial Statements 3 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 3.8 Financial instruments (continued) (a) Non-derivative financial assets (continued) At subsequent measurement (continued) (ii) Financial assets at FVOCI Debt instruments that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for sale, and where the assets’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are classified as FVOCI. Movements in fair values are recognised in other comprehensive income (OCI) and accumulated in fair value reserve, except for the recognition of impairment, interest income and foreign exchange gains and losses, which are recognised in profit or loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit or loss and presented in “other operating income and expenses”. Interest income from these financial assets is recognised using the effective interest rate method and presented in “interest income”. The Group has elected to recognise changes in fair value of equity securities not held for trading in OCI as these are strategic investments and the Group considers this to be more relevant. Movements in fair values of equity investments classified as FVOCI are presented as “fair value gains/losses” in OCI. Dividends from equity investments are recognised in profit or loss as dividend income. On disposal of an equity investment, any difference between the carrying amount and sales proceed amount would be recognised in OCI and transferred to revenue reserve along with the amount previously recognised in OCI relating to that asset. (iii) Financial assets at FVTPL Financial assets that are held for trading as well as those that do not meet the criteria for classification as amortised cost or FVOCI are classified as FVTPL. Movement in fair values and interest income is recognised in profit or loss in the period in which it arises and presented in “other operating income”. (b) Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and bank deposits. For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, pledged deposits are excluded whilst bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group’s cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents. (c) Non-derivative financial liabilities The Group initially recognises debt securities issued on the date that they are originated. Financial liabilities for contingent consideration payable in a business combination are recognised at the acquisition date. All other financial liabilities (including liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss) are recognised initially on the trade date, which is the date that the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. A financial liability is classified as fair value through profit or loss if it is classified as held for trading or is designated as such on initial recognition. Directly attributable transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred. Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value and changes therein, including any interest expense, are recognised in profit or loss. 3 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 3.8 Financial instruments (continued) (c) Non-derivative financial liabilities (continued) The Group classifies non-derivative financial liabilities under the other financial liabilities category. Such financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, these financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Other financial liabilities comprise loans, borrowings, debt securities and trade and other payables. (d) Derecognition Financial assets are derecognised if the Group’s contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial assets expire or if the Group transfers the financial assets to another party without retaining control or transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of the assets. The Group derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged, cancelled or expired. (e) Offsetting Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Group has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. (f) Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting The Group holds derivative financial instruments to hedge its foreign currency and interest rate risk exposures. Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the host contract is not a financial asset and the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract and the embedded derivative are not closely related, a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet the definition of a derivative, and the combined instrument is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. The method of recognising the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged. The Group designates each hedge as either: (a) fair value hedge; (b) cash flow hedge; or (c) net investment hedge. On initial designation of the derivative as the hedging instrument, the Group formally documents the economic relationship between the hedging instrument and hedged item, including the risk management objectives and strategy in undertaking the hedge transaction and the hedged risk, together with the methods that will be used to assess the effectiveness of the hedging relationship. The Group makes an assessment, both at the inception of the hedge relationship as well as on an ongoing basis, of whether the hedging instruments are expected to be highly effective in offsetting the changes in the fair value or cash flows of the respective hedged items attributable to the hedged risk. For a cash flow hedge of a forecast transaction, the transaction should be highly probable to occur and should present an exposure to variations in cash flows that could ultimately affect reported profit or loss. Derivatives are recognised initially at fair value; attributable transaction costs are recognised in the profit or loss when incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are accounted for as described below.